Fig. 1

Typical flow cytometric analysis of memory and transitional Bregs in RRMS. PBMCs from representative patients with RRMS at diagnosis, relapse and remission were stained with CD19, CD24, CD27 and CD38 moAbs and analyzed by flow cytometry. Total lymphocytes were gated based on forward-side scatter characteristic excluding dead cells and debris (gate R1). Transitional Bregs were identified based on high expression of CD38 and CD24 markers (green color—gate R2) and positivity for CD19. Memory Bregs were identified based on high expression of CD24, positivity for CD19, CD27 markers and lack of CD38 expression (blue color—gate R3). At remission, transitional Bregs appear significantly increased