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Fig. 2 | Autoimmunity Highlights

Fig. 2

From: Endogenous mitochondrial double‐stranded RNA is not an activator of the type I interferon response in human pancreatic beta cells

Fig. 2

PNPT1/ADAR double silencing does not induce a type I IFN response in EndoC-βH1 cells. EndoC-βH1 cells were transfected with a siRNA control (siQ: white bars) and siRNAs targeting PNPT1 (siP#1, grey bars), ADAR (siA, green striped bars), or both (siP/A: grey bars with green stripes) and cells were maintained in culture during 48 h. As a positive control for gene expression, in some experiments cells were treated with IFNα (2000 U/ml) for 24 h (red bars), and as a positive control for IFNβ expression, cells were transfected with PIC (1 µg/ml) for 24 h (k, orange bar). a Protein expression was measured by western blotting and representative images of 3–7 independent experiments are shown. Densitometry results are shown for PNPT1 (b), ADAR (c), pSTAT1 (f), pSTAT2 (g), STAT1 (h) and STAT2 (i). mRNA expression of PNPT1 (d), ADAR (e), IFNβ (j, k), MDA5 (l), HLA-ABC (m), MX1 (n) and CHOP (o) were analyzed by RT-qPCR and normalized by β-actin and then by the value of siQ considered as 1. Results are mean ± SEM of 3–9 independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs siQ, Student t test

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