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Table 3 Un-adjusted and adjusted odds ratios for health status among test-positive subjects according to autoimmune disease from ordinal and multinomial logistic models

From: Association between autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 as assessed in both a test-negative case–control and population case–control design

Model

Health status

Exposure

 

Un-adjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Ordinal Logistic Modela,b

Autoimmune status

No

Referent

Referent

Yes

0.85 (0.73–0.98)

0.96 (0.83–1.12)

Multinomial Logistic Modela

Being hospitalized and alive vs non hospitalized and alive

Autoimmune status

No

Referent

Referent

Yes

0.91 (0.77–1.08)

1.05 (0.88–1.25)

 

Being deceased vs non hospitalized and alive (95% CI)

Autoimmune status

No

Referent

Referent

Yes

0.77 (0.62–0.96)

0.95 (0.74–1.22)

  1. Health status was defined as non-hospitalized and alive (n = 8451, 41.5%), hospitalized and alive (n = 8073, 39.6%), and deceased (n = 3840, 18.9%)
  2. aOdds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated from logistic models adjusted for gender, age (categorized as < 17, [18–40), [40–70), ≥ 70 years), number of non-autoimmune chronic conditions (categorized as no conditions, [1–4), ≥ 4), and ASST
  3. bAge, gender and ASST did not satisfy the proportional odds assumption thus they have been inserted as having unequal slopes in the ordinal logistic regression model