Table 1 Fluorescence patterns, neoplasms and clinical features/syndromes of antineuronal antibodies
Antibody | Fluorescence pattern | Associated neoplasm | Associated clinical feature/syndrome |
|---|---|---|---|
Anti-Hua,b | Neuronal nuclei (CNS and PNS), granular pattern | SCLC, thymoma, neuroblastoma | PEM, limbic/cortical/brainstem encephalitis, PCD, PSN, myelitis, autonomic dysfunction |
Anti-Rib | Neuronal nuclei (CNS), granular pattern | Lung, breast | Brainstem encephalitis, PCD, opsoclonus-myoclonus |
Anti-Ma | Nerve cell nucleoli | Lung, breast, germ cell tumor of testis | LE, hypnogogic hallucination, cerebellar/brainstem syndrome |
Anti-Zic4 | Nuclei of granular layer, ANA-like pattern | SCLC | LE, cerebellar/brainstem syndrome |
ANNA-3 | Nuclei of PC | Lung, upper airway | Cerebellar ataxia, myelopathy, sensory/sensorimotor neuropathy, myelopathy |
Anti-Sox-1 | Bergmann glia nuclei in the PCL | SCLC | LEMS, PCD, LE, sensory/sensorimotor neuropathy |
Anti-Yo | PC cytoplasm, coarse granular pattern | Ovaria, breast, endometrium | PCD |
Anti-Tr | PC cytoplasm, coarse granular pattern + ML, dot-like pattern | Hodgkin’s lymphoma | PCD, limbic encephalopathy |
PCA-2 | PC cytoplasm, extending into dendrites | SCLC | Brainstem/limbic encephalitis, PCD, LEMS, motor neuropathy |
Anti-Amphiphysin | Presynaptic nerve terminals, intensity ML > GL | Lung, breast | SPS, PEM |
Anti-CV2 | ML (mostly), sand-like pattern | SCLC, thyroid gland, kidney, thymoma | PEM, PCD, chorea, optic/peripheral neuropathy, myelopathy |
Anti-GAD | Presynaptic nerve terminals | Thymoma, others | SPS, MFS, LE, cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy |
Anti-VGCC | ML | SCLC, lung, breast, ovarian | LEMS, cerebellar degeneration |
Anti-VGKC | ML + GL | SCLC, thymoma | LE, PCD, parkinsonism, tremor, chorea, sensorimotor neuropathy, dyssomnia, hyperphagia, gastrointestinal dysmotility |
Anti-aquaporin 4 | Multiple layers (perivascular pattern) | Thyroid gland, thymoma | Neuromyelitis optica |
Anti-NMDA R | GL | Ovarian teratoma | Psychiatric features, memory loss, orofacial dyskinesia, catatonic state, central hypoventilation, abnormal posturing |
Anti-AMPA R | ML + GL | SCLC, thymoma, breast | LE, atypical psychosis |
Anti-GABAB R | ML + GL | SCLC | LE |
Anti-glycine R | Neuropil staining | Lung | PERM |
Anti-mGluR1 | PC cytoplasm | Hodgkin’s lymphoma | PCD |