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Table 1 Characteristics of anti-CD20 mAbs

From: Next-generation anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune disease treatment

Generation

Format

Drug

Special features

FDA-approved indications

1st

Murine–human chimeric

Rituximab

Immunogenicity occurs due to chimeric nature

NHL, CLL, RA, GPA, MPA

2nd

Humanized

Ocrelizumab

Binds an overlapping epitope region as rituximab. Increased binding affinity. Enhanced ADCC and less CDC compared to rituximab [8, 32]

RRMS and PPMS

Veltuzumab

Complementarity-determining regions are similar to rituximab. Greater binding avidity and effect on CDC than rituximab [8]

Orphan status designation for ITP and pemphigus

Obinutuzumab

Binds to an epitope on CD20 that partially overlaps with that of rituximab. Greater ADCC than rituximab. Unlike rituximab, obinutuzumab does not stabilize CD20 in lipid rafts and thus has less CDC. More effective at direct B cell apoptosis [63]

With chlorambucil for previously untreated CLL

Fully human

Ofatumumab

Binds to an epitope distinct from that recognized by rituximab, ocrelizumab, veltuzumab, and obinutuzumab. Greater CDC and apoptosis than rituximab [17]

Refractory or conventional therapy-intolerant CLL