Table 3 Characteristic therapies for Behçet’s disease
From: Behçet’s disease physiopathology: a contemporary review
Treatment | Characteristic clinical manifestation focus | Immunosuppressive mechanisms of action |
|---|---|---|
Apremilast | Mucocutaneous | Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor |
Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α | Ocular Neurological Cardiovascular Gastrointestinal | Neutralize biological activity of TNF-α |
Azathioprine | Articular Ocular Cardiovascular Mucocutaneous | Inhibit synthesis of DNA and RNA and proliferation of T and B lymphocytes |
Calcineurin inhibitors | Refractory | Inhibit activation and recruitment of T lymphocytes |
Colchicine | Articular Mucocutaneous Ocular Neurological Cardiovascular Gastrointestinal | Inhibit neutrophil function |
Corticosteroids | Articular Mucocutaneous Ocular Neurological Cardiovascular Gastrointestinal | Inhibit neutrophil function General immunosuppressive activity |
Cyclosporine A (alkylating agents) | Neurological Ocular | Inhibit lymphocyte function |
Dapsone | Mucocutaneous | Antibacterial agent |
Interferon-α | Ocular Neurological Cardiovascular Gastrointestinal | Antiviral activity |
Methotrexate | Mucocutaneous Neurological Ocular Articular | Inhibit synthesis of DNA, RNA, and thymidylates |
Pentoxifylline | Mucocutaneous | Inhibit synthesis of cytokines |
Sulfasalazine | Articular Gastrointestinal | General immunosuppressive activity |
Thalidomide | Mucocutaneous Gastrointestinal | Unidentified immunomodulatory activity |