Table 1 Molecular mimicry studies involving various infectious agents as the likely triggers of primary biliary cirrhosis. [52, 66, 79, 84, 85, 143, 145, 149]
From: Popular and unpopular infectious agents linked to primary biliary cirrhosis
Infectious agent | In support of molecular mimicry | Against molecular mimicry |
|---|---|---|
E. coli | Yes (both at B- and CD4 T cell level) | No (Antibody reactivity to E. coli) PDC-E2 mimic is very weak |
N. amoraticivorans | Yes (B cell) | Â |
Lactobacilli | Yes (B cell) | Â |
Mycobacteria | Yes (B cell level but only for M. gordonae) | No (Lack of cross-reactivity for other typical or atypical mycobacteria) |
Helicobacter pylori | Â | No (B- or CD4 T cell) |
Psuedomonas aeruginosa | Yes (CD4 T cell) | No |
Human cytomegalovirus | Â | No (B cell) |
Haemophilus influenzae | Â | No (B cell) |
Neurospora crassa | Yes (CD4 T cell) | Â |
Neisseria meningitis | Yes (CD4 T cell) | Â |
Acholeplasma laidlawii | Yes (CD4 T cell) | Â |
Azotobacter vinelandii | Yes (CD4 T cell) | Â |
Pseudomonas putida | Yes (CD4 T cell) | Â |
Human Ecotropic virus | Â | No (CD4 T cell) |
Streptomyces aureofaciens | Â | No (CD4 T cell) |
Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis | Â | No (CD4 T cell) |
Histoplasma capsulatum | Â | No (CD4 T cell) |