Table 2 Autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis and pathogen-induced chronic liver disease in man and dog
| Â | Comments |
|---|---|
Human chronic liver disease | |
Hepatitis B virus | |
 ANA, SMA, anti-ASGPR | Titres are relatively low, and usually increased during treatment with anti-viral agents such as interferon-alpha The homogenous IFL pattern typical for AIH is relatively infrequent No-specific targets have so far been identified |
Hepatitis C virus | |
 ANA, SMA, anti-LKM1, anti-LC1, anti-ASGPR, anti-SLA | The only hepatitis virus that can induce AIH-2-specific autoantibodies |
Hepatitis D virus | |
 Various types of autoantibodies, like HBV and HCV | Reported data are relatively scarce |
Herpes simplex virus-1 | |
 ANA, SMA, anti-LKM1 | HSV-1 has been suggested as a trigger of AIH (type 1 and type 2) in case studies and molecular mimicry reports |
Epstein–Barr virus | This virus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases including AIH |
Autoimmune hepatitis type 1 | |
 ANA, SMA, anti-SLA, anti-LM, anti-ASGPR | Division into types is based on the presence of characteristic autoantibodies |
Autoimmune hepatitis type 2 | |
 Anti-LKM1, anti-LC1, anti-SLA, anti-LM, anti-ASGPR |  |
Canine chronic hepatitis | |
Infectious chronic hepatitis | No data available for infectious hepatitis but bacteraemia from pathogens such as Leishmania and Ehrlichia can lead to the development of ANA at low titres) |
Autoimmune hepatitis | |
 ANA, SMA, anti-liver membrane protein antibodies | The reported data are not extensive compared to the studies conducted in human AIH |