Fig. 1
From: Pathophysiology of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Thrombogenic mechanisms of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Y− inhibitory aPL action Y+ aPL-induced activation, Straight green arrow activation, broken red arrow inhibition. AnnA2 annexin A2, APC activated protein C, ApoER2′ apolipoprotein E receptor 2′, AT-III antithrombin III, β-2GPI beta-2 glycoprotein, C5a activated complement component 5, C5aR C5a receptor, Flt-1 tyrosine kinase receptor, GPIb-V-IX glycoprotein Ib-V-IX, GPIIb/IIIa glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IL interleukin, LPa lipoprotein a, MAC membrane attack complex, NF-κB nuclear factor-kappa B, p38 MAPK p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PMN polymorphonuclear leukocyte, TF tissue factor, TLR4 toll-like receptor 4, TNFα tumor necrosis factor alpha, tPA tissue plasminogen activator, TXB2 thromboxane-B2, VCAM-1 vascular cellular adhesion molecule – 1, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor